مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

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AutoCAD

AutoCAD 2009.
Developer(s) Autodesk
Initial release December 1982
Stable release 2010 / March 24, 2009
Operating system Windows
Type CAD
License Proprietary
Website autodesk.com/autocad


AutoCAD 2009 with the Classic User Interface
AutoCAD is a CAD (Computer Aided Design or Computer Aided Drafting) software application for 2D and 3D design and drafting, developed and sold by Autodesk, Inc. Initially released in late 1982, AutoCAD was one of the first CAD programs to run on personal computers, and notably the IBM PC. Most CAD software at the time ran on graphics terminals connected to mainframe computers or mini-computers.
In earlier releases, AutoCAD used primitive entities — such as lines, polylines, circles, arcs, and text — as the foundation for more complex objects. Since the mid-1990s, AutoCAD has supported custom objects through its C++ API. Modern AutoCAD includes a full set of basic solid modeling and 3D tools. With the release of AutoCAD 2007 came improved 3D modeling functionality, which meant better navigation when working in 3D. Moreover, it became easier to edit 3D models. The mental ray engine was included in rendering, it was now possible to do quality renderings. AutoCAD 2010 introduced parametric functionality and mesh modeling.
AutoCAD supports a number of application programming interfaces (APIs) for customization and automation. These include AutoLISP, Visual LISP, VBA, .NET and ObjectARX. ObjectARX is a C++ class library, which was also the base for products extending AutoCAD functionality to specific fields, to create products such as AutoCAD Architecture, AutoCAD Electrical, AutoCAD Civil 3D, or third-party AutoCAD-based applications.
AutoCAD currently runs exclusively on Microsoft Windows desktop operating systems. It is available in 32-bit and in native 64-bit versions. Versions for Unix and Mac OS were released in the 1980s and 1990s, but these were later dropped. AutoCAD can run on an emulator or compatibility layer like VMware Workstation or Wine, albeit subject to various performance issues that can often arise when working with 3D objects or large drawings.
AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT are available for English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, Korean, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Russian, Czech, Polish, Hungarian, Brazilian Portuguese, Danish, Dutch, Swedish, Finnish, Norwegian and Vietnamese. The extent of localization varies from full translation of the product to documentation only. The AutoCAD command set is localized as a part of the software localization. [1]
Contents [hide]
1 AutoCAD LT
2 Student versions
3 Vertical programs
4 File formats
5 Version history
6 See also
7 References
8 External links
[edit]AutoCAD LT

AutoCAD LT is a version of AutoCAD with more limited capabilities. It costs less (approx. US$1200 versus around US$4,000 for the full AutoCAD). In addition to being sold directly by Autodesk, it is also available for purchase at computer stores, unlike the full version of AutoCAD which must be purchased from an official Autodesk dealer. It was developed so that Autodesk could have an entry-level CAD package available to compete in that price class. AutoCAD LT is marketed as a CAD package for those who only need 2D functionality.
Compared to the full edition of AutoCAD, AutoCAD LT lacks several features: most notably, it has no 3D modeling capabilities (although it has several 3D viewing functions for looking at 3D models created in other CAD packages) and blocks the use of any programming interfaces, such as support for most third party programs and does not allow AutoLISP programs. Also, the Autodesk Raster Design 2010 Object Enabler cannot be installed in the LT version of AutoCAD, therefore images such as ECW or SID cannot be viewed in this version of AutoCAD. A full listing of differences is on the Autodesk website.[2] AutoCAD LT originated by taking the codebase of AutoCAD and commenting out substantial portions,[citation needed] which allowed AutoCAD and AutoCAD LT to be developed simultaneously.
[edit]Student versions

AutoCAD is licensed at a significant discount over commercial retail pricing to qualifying students and teachers, with both a 14 month and perpetual license available. The student version of AutoCAD is functionally identical to the full commercial version, with one exception: DWG files created or edited by a student version have an internal bit-flag set (the "educational flag"). When such a DWG file is printed by any version of AutoCAD (commercial or student), the output will include a plot stamp / banner on all four sides. Objects created in the Student Version cannot be used for commercial use. These Student Version objects will 'infect' a commercial version DWG file if imported[citation needed].
Much work on the student versions of AutoCAD was carried out by Andrew Myers (1988-2009) and the updates will added to the upcoming 2011 program posthumously in his honour.
The Autodesk student community provides registered students with free access to different Autodesk applications.
A recent study at Purdue University tested the intellectual requirements of AutoCAD using chimpanzees. The results concluded that chimpanzees were capable of operating basic program functions in order to produce a finished product.
[edit]Vertical programs

Autodesk has also developed a few vertical programs, for discipline-specific enhancements. AutoCAD Architecture (formerly Architectural Desktop), for example, permits architectural designers to draw 3D objects such as walls, doors and windows, with more intelligent data associated with them, rather than simple objects such as lines and circles. The data can be programmed to represent specific architectural products sold in the construction industry, or extracted into a data file for pricing, materials estimation, and other values related to the objects represented. Additional tools allow designers to generate standard 2D drawings, such as elevations and sections, from a 3D architectural model. Similarly, Civil Design, Civil Design 3D, and Civil Design Professional allow data-specific objects to be used, allowing standard civil engineering calculations to be made and represented easily. AutoCAD Electrical, AutoCAD Civil 3D, AutoCAD Map 3D, AutoCAD Mechanical, AutoCAD MEP, AutoCAD P&ID, AutoCAD Plant 3D and AutoCAD Structural Detailing are other examples of industry-specific CAD applications built on the AutoCAD platform.
[edit]File formats

AutoCAD's native file format, DWG, and to a lesser extent, its interchange file format, DXF, have become de facto standards for CAD data interoperability. AutoCAD in recent years has included support for DWF, a format developed and promoted by Autodesk for publishing CAD data. In 2006, Autodesk estimated the number of active DWG files to be in excess of one billion.
The current AutoCAD file format (.dwfx) is based on ISO/IEC 29500-2:2008 Open Packaging Convention.[3]
In the past, Autodesk has estimated the total number of DWG files in existence to be more than three billion.
[edit]Version history

Official name version release date of release comments
AutoCAD Version 1.0 1.0 1 1982, December DWG R1.0 file format introduced
AutoCAD Version 1.2 1.2 2 1983, April DWG R1.2 file format introduced
AutoCAD Version 1.3 1.3 3 1983, August
AutoCAD Version 1.4 1.4 4 1983, October DWG R1.4 file format introduced
AutoCAD Version 2.0 2.0 5 1984, October DWG R2.05 file format introduced
AutoCAD Version 2.1 2.1 6 1985, May DWG R2.1 file format introduced
AutoCAD Version 2.5 2.5 7 1986, June DWG R2.5 file format introduced
AutoCAD Version 2.6 2.6 8 1987, April DWG R2.6 file format introduced; last version to run without a math co-processor
AutoCAD Release 9 N/A 9 1987, September DWG R9 file format introduced
AutoCAD Release 10 N/A 10 1988, October DWG R10 file format introduced
AutoCAD Release 11 N/A 11 1990, October DWG R11 file format introduced
AutoCAD Release 12 N/A 12 1992, June DWG R11/R12 file format introduced; last release for Apple Macintosh
AutoCAD Release 13 N/A 13 1994, November DWG R13 file format introduced; last release for Unix, MS-DOS and Windows 3.11
AutoCAD Release 14 N/A 14 1997, February DWG R14 file format introduced
AutoCAD 2000 15.0 15 1999, March DWG 2000 file format introduced
AutoCAD 2000i 15.1 16 2000, July
AutoCAD 2002 15.6 17 2001, June
AutoCAD 2004 16.0 18 2003, March DWG 2004 file format introduced
AutoCAD 2005 16.1 19 2004, March
AutoCAD 2006 16.2 20 2005, March
AutoCAD 2007 17.0 21 2006, March DWG 2007 file format introduced
AutoCAD 2008 17.1 22 2007, March first release available for the x86-64 windows version of XP and Vista
AutoCAD 2009 17.2 23 2008, March
AutoCAD 2010 18.0 24 2009, March 24 DWG 2010 file format introduced; introduction of parametrics and two 3D modeling topologies: mesh based and solid modeling
[edit]See also

Comparison of CAD software
DWF
DWG
DXF
IGES
AVSnap
[edit]References

^ http://www.cadforum.cz/commands
^ http://images.autodesk.com/adsk/files/acadlt10_faq.pdf
^ http://blogs.msdn.com/opc/archive/2009/05/18/adventures-in-packaging-episode-1.aspx
[edit]External links

Wikibooks has more on the topic of
AutoCAD
Autodesk AutoCAD Exchange
Autodesk AutoCAD information
AutoCAD History by Shaan Hurley
Original AutoCAD Blog Between the Lines
Autodesk Student Community - Academic community and software download
Autodesk User Group International (AUGI)
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مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

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مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

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مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

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مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

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مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

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مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

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مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

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مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: autocad system 2009

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