مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

The military of Algeria is the direct successor of the Armée de Libération Nationale
(ALN), the armed wing of the nationalist National Liberation Front,
which fought French colonial rule during
the Algerian War of
Independence (1954-1962). It was converted and expanded into a
regular army starting immediately after independence, and reached
approximately its present size in the mid-1970s.
The Algerian military élite has played a dominating role in Algerian politics ever since
independence in 1962, when the army emerged as the only effective
powerbroker in a shattered political landscape dominated by weak and
competing political factions. Many high-ranking officers have held
public office, and it is generally recognized that the army has been,
and still is, consistently involved in national policy from behind the
scenes. Under Col. Houari Boumédiène
(1965-1978) state and army leadership was joined under his dominant and
highly authoritarian presidency, but after his death, factionalization
and rivalries within the military and political élites has been a major
factor in Algerian politics.
After being structured as a politicized "people's army" in the
Boumédiène era, and retaining its allegiance to the FLN during the single-party years
of Algerian history, the military forces
were formally depoliticized in 1988, as a multi-party system was introduced. This,
however, did not end military influence over Algerian politics. In 1992,
fearing the installation of Sharia Law, which would result in Algeria
becoming an Islamic State, the Algerian Army stopped free elections that
were likely to bring an Islamist party to power. This triggered the Algerian Civil War, a conflict which is believed to have
claimed 100-200,000 lives during the 1990s. Both the armed forces and
Islamist insurgents have been severely criticized by outside observers
for their conduct of the war on humanitarian and human rights grounds.
The state and army Islamist resistance in the late 1990s, but local and
sporadic fighting persists in 2009, along with occasional bomb attacks
against government targets in major cities. The most active insurgent
group is al-Qaida in
the Islamic Maghreb, formerly known as GSPC. Since major fighting
subsided in about 1997, the army has been engaged in refitting itself
for the tasks of a conventional army, after more than a decade of anti-guerrilla action.
The major part of Algeria's armed forces are directed towards the
country's western border with Morocco
and Western Sahara, where Algeria backed a guerrilla war (1975-1991) against Moroccan
control by the POLISARIO Front, a
politico-military organization of Sahrawi Bedouin based in Algeria's Tindouf province. Algeria has had
longstanding border disagreements with Morocco, which, although now
basically resolved, continue to linger as a factor in the consistently
troubled but generally non-violent relations between the two
neighbouring nations. The Algerian-Moroccan land border has been closed
since 1994. Both countries's armed forces have engaged in costly
equipment upgrades in recent years, clearly viewing each other as the
principal threat to their sovereignty, and equally reluctant to let the
other nation gain the upper hand militarily.
By contrast, Algeria's post-independence border disagreements with Tunisia
and Libya,
which were at times a cause for poor relations, both appear to have
been peacefully resolved (to its advantage). The Algerian army has also,
especially in later years, been highly active along the country's
border with northern Mali, where various insurgent movements are based.
Algeria has fought only one brief war after independence (the Sand War,
a border conflict with Morocco in 1963), but the country is also, like
most Arab nations, formally at war with the
state of Israel
since 1948

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

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مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

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مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

مصدر الموضوع الاصلي: military of Algeria

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